Smart mining is the direction of development,mainly including new terms and concepts such as artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,blockchain,drones,cloud,and virtual reality.Understanding these is very meaningful for the development of the coal machine industry. 　　1 　　3D modeling 　　3D modeling technology has always been a hot topic in the field of digital mining.Modeling technology is usually a computer program used to create a map of the underground area as part of the exploration work before the construction of a new mine.Effective use of modeling can expand the coverage of exploration work by capturing images of hard-to-reach places. 　　Modeling can also improve the safety of exploration work by removing workers from unknown and potentially unsafe underground areas. 　　2 　　artificial intelligence 　　Mentioned 162 times,artificial intelligence covers a wide range of intelligent computer systems,can learn from previous experience,and is often used to improve operational efficiency.Norwegian recycling company Tomra provides intelligent sorting machines for the mining industry,using sensors to detect specific minerals in the recovered ore to extract these minerals. 　　The company has recently deployed a laser-driven scheme that uses the scattering effect of laser light to distinguish ores containing precious quartz from ores with the same appearance. 　　Anerfa also uses the image recognition technology of German garbage classification,uses convolutional neural network technology in AI technology,uses vision to deeply learn coal and gangue,uses big data to identify coal and gangue,and uses the control system to control the robot arm.Control to automatically complete the coal gangue sorting work. 　　3 　　Integrated automation 　　Since the beginning of this year,automation has been mentioned 133 times,and driverless vehicles are becoming more common in mining areas because the company hopes to improve safety by removing drivers from vehicles. 　　The unmanned driving of the mining industry is of great significance,and can completely guarantee the safety of personnel in the mining process.However,unmanned driving has always been an application that everyone is chasing,but the actual application of unmanned driving in mines is still progressing slowly! 　　"Unmanned",the remote control transformation of the equipment above or below the shaft,the personnel completely leave the dangerous area and carry out the control operation of the equipment.It can also autonomously complete automatic driving control in some specific areas,such as automatic loading and unloading of mines,unloading of mines,etc. 　　Anerfa remote control 　　4 　　Blockchain 　　GlobalData***influential people mentioned the blockchain 93 times,because the technology is used beyond cryptocurrency management,it is a securely verified information record. 　　Blockchain can also play a role in eliminating illegally mined or conflict diamonds,because customers know where their diamonds are mined and therefore can avoid illegal sources.DeBeers and Alrosa have jointly developed a blockchain-based solution to minimize illegal diamond transactions.The story of the movie Blood Diamond may be completely eliminated in the future! 　　5 　　Drone 　　The mining industry began to use the potential of drones for surveying and information collection.Compared with other methods,the accuracy of the data collected by its drones has been significantly improved,and because a single drone can cover a large amount of land,it also significantly reduces labor costs. 　　UAV measuring open-pit mine 　　Anfa once shared how we use drones to manage mines,use drones to manage measurement yards,save drilling time,blasting time,etc.And also shared how to choose drones,application methods and so on. 　　6 　　Environment and Emission Control 　　Environmental and emission control refers to smart technologies used to monitor the environmental impact of mines,as well as harmful emission levels.In 2016,the Chinese government used Microsoft and IBM's machine learning systems to collect data from 35 air quality monitoring stations in Beijing,analyze the historical trends of air pollution,and make faster future emissions and technologies with obvious mining potential,More accurate predictions. 　　Prediction technology can also be used to help miners complete environmental impact assessments,and can even make plans for mine recovery projects before the mine is built. 　　7 　　Internet of Things 　　The Internet of Things refers to smart devices that continuously record and share data through network connections,and its concept has been extended to industrial operations as the"Industrial Internet of Things"(IIOT).Since the beginning of this year,extensive data collection and analysis have been mentioned 60 times,which is indispensable for improving the future operational efficiency of the mining industry. 　　The application of Internet of Things has been widely used in various industries in recent years.From hardware to software,it performs protection monitoring for various types of mining equipment,analyzes the operating performance of equipment,and predicts failure information in advance.And Erfa Cloud can integrate all other types of sensor data to store and analyze in the cloud. 　　An Erfa delicate vibration and temperature sensor 　　Anfa has a cloud-based intelligent operation and maintenance platform with a large amount of data.All the equipment data of all Anfa customers are here.A large amount of data is generated every day,and the operation of the monitoring equipment is protected all the time to achieve predictive maintenance! 　　8 　　Clouds 　　Cloud storage systems have obvious uses in the mining industry,especially among international companies,which are responsible for coordinating operations in multiple countries and continents.This service is especially useful for teams in areas where communication infrastructure is not well developed,allowing employees to safely store data for offline use. 　　Cloud services can coordinate office,mine production,equipment operation data,etc.for the management personnel of large mining companies.For comprehensive integrated storage management,if customers have needs,Anfa can customize your cloud services.Anfa is actively promoting the establishment of cloud services for European customers and the management of equipment operation data! 　　Dashboard monitoring equipment operation 　　9 　　Virtual Reality 　　Virtual reality technology has the potential to be used in mapping with drone technology,but it is also used for training and education.In 2019,the University of South Australia and the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy launched a virtual reality project,inviting students to become"geologists of the day"and seeing many field operations across Australia and interacting with many projects. 　　10 　　cyber security 　　As mining companies have adopted more smart technologies,the need to protect data has become more and more important.It has been mentioned twenty times that cybersecurity is the latest trend in this year’s dominant digital mining dialogue. 　　A report found that less than a quarter of companies are prepared to respond to potential cyber threats related to the transformation of cloud-based data storage,especially mining companies.Due to the rise of a“bring your own device”culture,employees’personal devices((Not a company computer)is connected to a network containing important information,so it may be attacked.

In order to improve the on-site management of 6S, keep improving production.Luoyang Yuanjian Mine Equipment Co., Ltd. regularlyOrganize team leaders and cadres and aboveLean management knowledge sharing and exchange meeting.Exchange and share theoretical and practical management experience,Continuously improve the company's management level, product quality and production efficiency!The theme of this meeting is around timely delivery.Driven by the sharer Zhao Zhibin,Luoyang foresighted people to discuss in depthThe feasibility and necessity of "on time" production system construction,And how to ensure on-time delivery from the management level. Let ’s review the exciting content together:At the sharing meeting,In response to the problems and confusion that companies face in product delivery,Such as external market constraints, unreasonable production plans,There are many abnormalities in production management and control, as well as weak logistics.Sharers elicit targeted countermeasures——JIT production system. From production planning, resource allocation, logistics management,Improve the lean management level in four aspects of the guarantee system,This in turn ensures that products are produced efficiently and delivered on time. Guiding ideology: only when needed, the quantity needed for production and handling,The required products realize the best production time (JUST—IN—TIME).In terms of production, the sharer put forward the "kanban system" proposal.Realize the transmission of production information one by one by Kanban;The order of placing Kanban is the production order;Realize the monitoring of plan execution power through kanban delivery;Change the plan with kanban to achieve flexible response to plan changes;It can be said to achieve precise control of digital production,It is conducive to ensuring that products are delivered on time."Goods store" lean logisticsRegarding logistics, the sharer put forward the concept of "lean logistics".Lean logistics: produce / handle the necessary quantity of necessary products only at the necessary time.And establish a unit product "goods store".Generate safety inventory through the goods store to obtain the adjustment of the production schedule.Can also monitor the production progress and plan changes through the store;Effectively shorten the logistics distance and transshipment and abnormal feedback;Improve logistics management efficiency and ensure on-time delivery.Lean concept of "shorten manufacturing cycle"The manufacturing cycle generally includes: waiting for processing time, production change time,Processing time, waiting transfer time, transfer time, etc. Shorten the manufacturing cycle to improve production efficiency,Meet customer needs in a short time.The main method for sharing people to shorten the cycle isFrom batch transfer to single transfer.Realize "simultaneous" production of equipment,Optimize process flow and production line,Promote "standard operations" within the team.To improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity.Lean management improves security capabilitiesLean management means refined management,Mainly to clarify the elements of on-site management.Mainly include personnel, equipment, cost,Safety, quality, environment, etc.Involves production schedule management, personnel operation management,Man-hour efficiency management, production exception management,WIP storage management, performance index managementOn-site quality management, manufacturing cost management,On-site safety management and other comprehensive guarantee systems.From the lean management knowledge sharing exchange meeting,It can be seen that Luoyang's vision is determined to implement 6S management,And the efforts to grasp production and management,Luoyang foresight people are good at communication, willing to communicate and share,"Stones from other mountains can attack jade, learn from each other's strengths"Only in this way can we continuously improve ourselves,I believe in every such effort,One step closer to the established goal,Can go further from success!

　　2016 is the beginning year of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the coal industry, 　　According to data from China Coal Industry Association and other departments,at the end of 2016,coal output was 3.45 billion tons,the number of coal mines was about 9,000,the output of large coal mines with 1.2 million tons or more accounted for 75%,and the number of coal enterprises was less than 4,000... 　　This is a starting point.So,do you know what five changes the coal industry will usher in by 2020?   　　1.Eliminate 800 million tons of backward production capacity 　　A set of data in the"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Coal Industry Development": 　　By 2020,the coal output will be 3.9 billion tons,the excess and backward production capacity will be eliminated and eliminated by about 800 million tons,and the advanced production capacity will be increased by about 500 million tons by reducing replacement and optimizing the layout; 　　By 2020,the number of coal mines will be controlled at about 6,000,and the output of large-scale coal mines with 1.2 million tons or more will account for more than 80%; 　　By 2020,the number of coal enterprises will be less than 3,000,and the output of large enterprises above 50 million tons will account for more than 60%; 　　By 2020,the degree of mechanization of coal mining will reach 85%,and the degree of mechanization of tunneling will reach 65%...   　　2."Three-machine"automation and mechanization of tunneling 　　It is understood that at present,the mechanization degree of coal mining in state-owned enterprises in our country is more than 90%,and the mechanization degree of tunneling is more than 80%.The mechanization degree of coal mining in small coal mines nationwide is 55%,and the mechanization degree of tunneling is even lower. 　　"Planning"pointed out that by 2020,the coal mining mechanization degree will reach 85%,and the mechanization degree of tunneling will reach 65%. 　　The chairman of the China Coal Machinery Industry Association said:"At present,China's mechanization level of digging is relatively low,and there are some gaps in the technology of integrated digging and anchoring equipment from abroad.The higher the level of mechanization,the higher the degree of safety.It is said that improving the degree of mechanization of excavation during the 13th Five-Year Plan is the focus of development." 　　3.New ways to explore coal mine utilization 　　According to the"Planning",the raw coal selection rate will reach more than 75%by 2020;the production of coalbed methane(coal mine gas)is 24 billion cubic meters and the utilization is 16 billion cubic meters;the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue is about 75%;the utilization rate of mine water is 80%About;land reclamation rate is about 60%. 　　Regarding the utilization rate of mine water,there are currently two main destinations for mine water:one is the development of coal chemical industry in the western region,and the other is used by power plants constructed by coal mines.In 2016,the utilization rate of mine water in China was 70.6%. 　　The"Planning"clarifies the overall national coal development plan of"compressing the eastern,central and northeastern,and optimizing the western region",which has a certain effect on improving the utilization rate of mine water."The main production areas are going west,the mine water inflow in the west is less than that in the east,and the total water inflow is reduced."The chairman of the China Coal Processing and Utilization Association said,"The mine water utilization rate will increase during the 13th Five-Year Plan period."   　　4.Substantial compression of coal mine construction 　　In accordance with the requirements of eliminating outdated production capacity and not building new coal mines within three years,it challenges the field of coal mine construction. 　　The secretary general of the China Coal Construction Association said:"Construction projects have decreased and the mining construction market has shrunk.Currently,40%of mining construction projects are basically gone,and coal mine construction is facing a transformation." 　　According to the prediction of the Secretary-General,the proportion of coal mine construction will be reduced from 70%at present to 30%by 2020. 　　5.The coal industry decreased by 1.5 million people 　　At the beginning of 2017,China's coal employees were about 4.5 million.It is understood that if all the 800 million backward production capacity is eliminated,1.5 million coal employees will need to be reduced. 　　It is understood that the United States produces 1 billion tons of coal and requires 100,000 coal employees.Even by 2020,China produces 3.9 billion tons of coal,and there are still 3 million coal employees.Compared with developed countries,the gap still exists. 　　The Director of the Policy Research Department of the China Coal Industry Association believes that the ideal number of people producing 4 billion tons of coal is 1.5 million.This involves the way out for one or two million people,and it must be solved gradually.We are facing world competition and we must solve human problems.Too many people produce coal,and efficiency is not high,so this industry has no prospects.

The scraper conveyor for coal mine is used as the transportation equipment of coal mine working face. It not only bears the role of coal transportation, but also the running track of the coal mining machine and the fulcrum of the hydraulic support. The reliable, stable and efficient operation of the scraper conveyor will directly affect the production capacity of the mine and the economic benefits of the coal mine enterprises. 　　1.The motor does not start or stops slowly after starting 　　Causes of the fault:the power supply voltage is too low;the load is too large;the contact is faulty;the operation procedure is incorrect. 　　Treatment methods:increase the power supply voltage;reduce the load,remove part of the coal in the tank;check the relay;check the operating procedures. 　　2.The motor heats up 　　The cause of the failure:too frequent start-up;too long time for overloading;poor heat dissipation of the motor;bearing lack of oil or damage. 　　Treatment method:reduce the number of start-ups and restart after the failure of each part is eliminated;reduce the load and shorten the overload operation time;check whether the cooling water of the motor is smooth,adjust the water pressure to reach the required value,and eliminate the floating coal and debris on the motor;Lubricate the bearings or replace them. 　　3.The sound of the motor is abnormal 　　Causes of failure:single-phase operation;loose wiring head. 　　Treatment method:check the single-phase reason;check the binding post. 　　4.Oil leakage and abnormal vibration of the reducer 　　Causes of failure:damaged sealing ring;loose upper and lower case joints,inadequate pressure on each end cover,gear and bearing failure 　　Treatment method:replace the damaged sealing ring;tighten the bolts of the box and end cover,and it is strictly forbidden to add pads on the face of the box,and then manufacture gears and bearings. 　　5.Torque cannot be transmitted when the hydraulic coupling is fully loaded 　　Cause of failure:insufficient oil charge of hydraulic coupling. 　　Treatment method:Inject the specified amount of working oil. 　　6.The sound of the reducer is abnormal 　　Causes of failure:poor gear meshing;severely worn gears or broken teeth;severely worn or damaged bearings;adhesions on tooth surfaces;debris in the box;bearing clearance is too large. 　　Treatment methods:adjust the gear meshing situation;replace the new gear;replace the bearing;check and clear;drain to clean;adjust the bearing clearance. 　　7.The temperature of the reducer is too high 　　Reasons for failure:Lubricating oil is not clean;lubricating oil is not qualified;too much oil is injected;heat dissipation conditions are not good. 　　Treatment methods:clean and replace with new oil;replace with new oil;release excess lubricating oil;remove floating coal and debris on the reducer box. 　　8.The temperature of the sprocket shaft group is too high 　　Cause of failure:Insufficient lubrication of oil;damaged bearings and sprockets. 　　Treatment method:add enough lubricating oil as required;replace the bearing and remanufacture the sprocket. 　　9.Scraper chain jump chain or drop chain 　　Causes of failure:the chain is stuck in metal;the squeegee chain is too loose. 　　Treatment method:clean the metal in the chain;re-tighten the chain. 　　10.Scraper chain vibration is serious 　　Cause of failure:The preload of the scraper chain is too high. 　　Treatment method:relax the chain. 　　11.The scraper chain is off track 　　Cause of failure:The pretension of the slack chain is too large. 　　Treatment method:tight chain. 　　12.The fusible protection plug of the hydraulic coupling melts the fuel injection 　　Cause of failure:The transfer machine is not running smoothly or the scraper chain is stuck,which makes the coupling slip rate too large,causing the coupling temperature to exceed the specified temperature. 　　Treatment method:eliminate a fault or remove obstacles;remove any protrusions in the connection cover that hinder the rotation of the hydraulic coupling,and replace the fusible protective oil plug. 　　13.The hydraulic coupling heats up 　　Cause:The ventilation hole of the connection cover is not smooth;the slip rate is too large if the oil charge is insufficient. 　　Treatment method:clean the ventilation holes of the coupling hood;inject the specified amount of working oil. 　　14.Overheating of the reducer housing 　　Causes of failure:too much or too little oil in the reducer;long-term use of lubricating oil;damaged bearings;unclean interior of the reducer. 　　Treatment methods:Check the amount of oil injection;clean the inside of the reducer and inject new oil;replace the damaged bearings;clean the inside of the reducer. 　　15.Scraper chain is suddenly stuck 　　Cause of the fault:There is a foreign object on the transfer machine;the scraper jumps out of the tank. 　　Treatment methods:clean up foreign objects;deal with the scraper that jumps out. 　　16.Scraper chain jumps teeth at the sprocket 　　Causes of the failure:the chain is too loose;there are twisted chain segments;the length or elongation of the double-stranded chain is not equal or the number of rings is different;the scraper is deformed too much. 　　Treatment method:re-tension and shorten the scraper chain;re-install the twisted chain segment correctly;check the length and elongation of the chain(elongation should not be greater than 2%).Odd ring chain;replace the severely deformed scraper.

　　Coal,which has long been regarded as the culprit of environmental pollution,has been criticized.However,with the development of science and technology,the problem of coal pollution has been re-recognized. 　　At the 2019 Clean Power International Engineering Science and Technology High-end Forum held recently,Xie Kechang,an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,used irrefutable facts and data to explore the possibility of coal energy changing from"black"to"green".His views were unanimously agreed by the participants. China's coal power pollutant emission level 　　Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Xie Kechang said that if ultra-low emission levels of coal-fired power generation exceed natural gas power generation,why use natural gas as clean energy?Clean and efficient coal should also be regarded as clean energy. 　　He said that in terms of carbon emissions,natural gas,coal and oil are all high-carbon energy.If the carbon emission of natural gas is compared to 1,the carbon emission of petroleum is 1.3,and that of coal is 1.5. 　　"But in fact,through ultra-low emission technology and through end treatment,the particulate matter in coal power generation can be reduced to the lowest,"Xie Kechang said that the problems caused by coal are self-evident,but this is not actually a problem of coal itself.It is the improper exploitation and utilization of coal that makes people think that coal is unclean. 　　China's operating data has shown that particulate emissions are greatly reduced after ultra-low emissions are achieved,and some pollutants are emitted less than natural gas.Now China's coal-fired power generation pollutant emission level is already the highest in the world,and the ultra-low emission effect is very obvious. 　　China is a major energy producer and consumer in the world,and coal occupies an important position.For a long time,in China's energy production and consumption structure,coal accounts for about 70%.After years of hard work,in 2018,China's coal share has dropped to 59%. 　　Coal-fired power generation is very important to provide electricity to many parts of the world.But this is also an important source of carbon dioxide emissions.One third of the global carbon dioxide emissions come from coal power. 　　Xie Kechang also said that it cannot be considered that coal cannot be cleaned and used.As long as the technology is proper,coal can be cleaned and used. 　　Wang Xiangxi,Chairman of National Energy Group,said that as the world's largest coal production,thermal power generation,wind power generation and kerosene oil chemical enterprise,National Energy Group has built the world's first million-kilowatt coal-fired power unit,and the coal consumption for power supply has reached 266.3 In kWh,the power generation efficiency reached 47.8%.At present,91%of coal-fired units have achieved ultra-low emissions,and 98%of the units have achieved ultra-low emissions.

May 27, 2019, Luoyang Vision, Shunxiang Company Management And some workshop team members, Visited together in Jiaozuo Wen County, Henan Hongxing Special Furnace Charge Factory, learn the way of 6S management. Hongxing Special Furnace Charge Factory is located in Shiliushi Village, Wenxian County. Mainly produces refractory materials, Non-metallic mineral products such as insulation pipes.   Before the early shift of Hongxing Special Furnace Plant, Workshop workers held a national singing anthem together, For inspiration and motivation And enhance cohesion are very beneficial.workshopIn the workshop of the furnace plant, Cement, cart and other materials tools supplies The arrangement is very neat and orderly, Very in line with 6S site management "Tidy" and "rectification" requirements.Reserve roomIn the storage room for goods and tools, The zoning is clear and orderly. Labor insurance area, sundries area, electrician area, etc. at a glance, Put different items and tools separately, It is easy to access and avoid loss and waste. WorkspaceIn the office area, There are background boards about management and work posted on the wall, Always remind office staff Do n’t forget your original intentions and remember your mission. This visit to study, Let Luoyang Vision and Shunxiang employees benefit a lot, More aware of strengthening 6S management And pay close attention to the importance of production management.   From Luoyang Vision, Shunxiang Company Since learning and implementing 6S site management, Certain improvements have been made.If a 6S management team was specifically established, In 6S management, The cultivation of human quality is the most important! Only employees consciously pursue the product quality of excellence, Only employees consciously maintain a clean and orderly working environment, Only employees consciously cultivate efficient and fast working habits, Only employees consciously improve their self-cultivation level, Then 6S site management can be successful.   6S site management is also the way An effective way for high-quality production management! Luoyang vision, Shunxiang company will continue Adhere to the implementation of 6S management, Self-request, self-management, self-improvement, Continuously improve the competitiveness of enterprises, Strive to achieve the company's established goals and corporate vision, Determined to contribute to China's coal mining industry!—  E N D  —

With the coming into June / July, Summer has come quietly! The demand for electricity consumption during the summer also peaked, This may drive the demand for coal power, And to a certain extent since the spring The output of the coal industry is in a downturn! But from the statistics of the Bureau of Statistics, In April 2019, National coal production is 294 million tons, A year-on-year increase of 0.1%, The growth rate fell by 2.6 percentage points. From January to April, The output of raw coal was 1.11 billion tons, a year-on-year increase of 0.6%. These data indicate that coal prices are basically stable, Prices in April and May were balanced. Coal production is also developing slowly. Coal industry megatrends Entering 2019, The world coal market still maintains its cyclical growth momentum, Overall, global coal production, The volume of international coal import and export trade continued to maintain a slight growth.   But since the fourth quarter of 2018, Momentum of cyclical growth has obviously weakened, Coal prices have fallen continuously, By the first quarter of this year, The downward pressure on the world coal market has suddenly increased.   World coal market situation since this year It seems to further confirm this trend.   In the demand to accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, Call for a clean energy transformation Against the background of rising, World coal demand has not increased for a long time, Fluctuate slightly or grow very slowly, It will be a big development trend. The outlook is not optimistic Since he is not optimistic about the prospects for global coal development, Global capital is also fleeing the coal industry. British Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) The newly released report shows that In response to climate change, There have been more than 100 so far Major global financial institutions withdrew from the thermal coal sector, Introduced measures for *** coal investment, Many plans to build coal-fired power plants have been delayed, put on hold, or cancelled.   Diversified multinational mining companies To avoid reputation risk and market risk, Have withdrawn from the coal industry, Such as the world's largest thermal coal international trader Glencore is also under pressure from all sides, Announced in February 2019 to increase coal production The upper limit is set at 150 million tons per year, And promised not to buy any more coal mines. BP released in April "BP World Energy Outlook (2019)", Analyzed and predicted the global energy market by 2040, Think global coal demand in the next 20 years Will slow down significantly over the past 20 years, Global coal consumption is only likely to maintain its current level. The impact of coal supply and demand includes Many industries including coal machinery and energy. As a country with large coal production capacity and demand, China Facing the severe situation of increasing downward pressure on the coal market, In particular, we should be vigilant and respond actively.

As the economy develops, new energy gradually enters everyone's field of vision. Such as wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, etc., but new energy will replace coal for power generation, and thus affect the status of coal? Come and analyze with you today! Wind energy Wind power generation refers to converting wind kinetic energy into mechanical kinetic energy, and then converting mechanical energy into electrical kinetic energy. Wind energy has the advantages of no pollution, environmental protection and large power generation. Generally speaking, the greater the wind power, the greater the economic benefits. But the reason why wind energy cannot be popularized is also fatal. Wind power is a capital-intensive industry that requires huge financial support and covers a large area, which can cause interference to radio; wind power generation is intermittent and leads to instability; in addition, the distribution of wind energy and reserves are very restrictive to its development . nuclear energy Nuclear power generation refers to the use of thermal energy released by nuclear fission in nuclear reactors to generate electricity. It is an important way to achieve low-carbon power generation. Nuclear energy is small in size and large in energy, and nuclear resources are more abundant than mineral resources. However, nuclear power generation is a radioactive element called uranium, and this radioactive element has strong radioactivity. If natural and man-made causes lead to nuclear leaks, the pollution caused is also more serious. And not every city is suitable for the establishment of nuclear power plants, the control of nuclear energy is also one of the reasons for restricting the development of nuclear energy. Solar energy Solar energy is mainly divided into two types: photovoltaic power generation and battery power generation, and photovoltaics mainly rely on two semiconductor materials: monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon. But whether it is silicon or batteries, it will cause pollution to the environment! The solar panel has a certain life span. Generally, the solar panel needs to be replaced every 3-5 years, and the replaced solar panel is very difficult to be decomposed by nature, causing considerable pollution. In addition, solar energy also has defects such as dispersion, instability, low efficiency and high cost. natural gas Compared with coal-fired power generation, natural gas power generation has certain environmental advantages. For example, without emitting SO2 and soot, the nitrogen oxide emissions are only 1/10 of coal-fired power generation. However, China's gas and electricity lack comprehensive planning, and the problem of insufficient natural gas supply in some areas is prominent. China's natural gas power generation on-grid tariff policy is not yet perfect, and a unified and standardized natural gas power generation on-grid tariff formation mechanism has not yet been formed. And China's natural gas resources are scarce, and most of them depend on imports. And because of the particularity of the gas, it is not easy to store. These are also the problems that restrict natural gas energy. Humans are inseparable from coal Coal is still the main energy source Since the generation of new energy, people began to think of ways to replace coal with other energy, but the result is that people are more dependent on coal. People's demand for coal does not fall but rises! According to authoritative data from the coal industry sector, in the past three years, China's total coal consumption has been on the rise, respectively: 3.97 billion tons in 2015, 4.36 billion tons in 2016 and 4.49 billion tons in 2017. The main position of coal as a power generation energy source cannot be changed for a long time. The 2018 World Energy Statistics Yearbook shows that in the past 30 years, the proportion of global coal power generation has fluctuated around 40%, with little change, and it has always been the "absolute main force" of power generation. Some experts predict that around 2020, coal will surpass oil and become a major global resource again. In 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration issued the "Energy Production and Consumption Strategy (2016-2030)", proposing that non-fossil energy consumption will increase from 15% in 2020 to 20% in 2030. However, relevant academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering stated that the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in China in 2017 was 13.8%. To achieve a 30% increase in the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption in the 20 years from 2030 to 2050, it is difficult to achieve unless disruptive technologies emerge. "

Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics released the average wage data of employees in urban units in 2018: the average annual wage of employees in enterprises above designated size in 2018 was 68380 yuan, an increase of 11.0% over the previous year. Among them, the average annual salary of employees in urban non-private units was 82461 yuan, an increase of 11.0% over the previous year; the average annual salary of employees in urban private units was 49575 yuan, an increase of 8.3% over the previous year. Three industries achieve monthly salary over 10,000 For most wage earners, achieving "more than 10,000 monthly salary" means stepping up to the middle and high income group. In 2018, which industries achieved "monthly salary over 10,000"? Among the non-private units, the average annual wage of three industries exceeds 120,000 yuan, which are software and information technology services, finance, scientific research, and technology services. Among them, the annual salary of the software and information technology service industry exceeds 140,000 yuan. Compared with the data in 2017, employees in the scientific research and technical service industries appear in the queue of "monthly salary over 10,000". The average wage in the mining industry is rising fast In addition to the absolute level of wages, it also depends on the growth trend of wages. So, which industries are rising wages fast? From the perspective of growth rate, among the urban non-private units, the three industries with the highest average annual wage growth rate are mining, scientific research and technical services, and wholesale and retail, with growth rates of 17.2%, 14.4%, and 13.1, respectively. %. Reasons for the growth of the mining industry Why is the wage growth rate high in the mining industry? Because the mining industry is one of the industries with large profitability and transformation in recent years. Since May 2012 to 2015, the national coal market has fluctuated downward for three consecutive years, the loss face of coal companies has gradually expanded, and the operating situation has become more severe. According to the relevant data surveyed by the China Coal Industry Association earlier, among the 21 provinces and regions, except for Fujian Province, coal companies in the remaining 20 provinces and regions have generally lowered the wages of employees, and some have fallen by more than 30%. With the deepening of the supply-side structural reforms, the reduction of production capacity in the steel and coal industries, the transformation and upgrading of high-energy-consuming and high-pollution industries have accelerated, and the corporate benefits have been greatly improved. The data shows that in 2018, among the industrial enterprises above designated size, the average wages of employees in coal mining and washing industry increased by 15.8% on the basis of a 16.3% increase in the previous year.

增值税减税新政正式落地。按照2019年政府工作报告的安排，4月1日起，将制造业等行业增值税税率由16%降至13%，将交通运输业、建筑业等行业10%的税率降至9%；保持6%一档的税率不变，但通过采取对生产、生活性服务业增加税收抵扣等配套措施，确保所有行业税负只减不增，继续向推进税率三档并两档、税制简化方向迈进。新政实施后，增值税税负较重的煤炭行业将从中受益，实现减负增盈。  降税清费 煤炭行业呼吁“减负” 煤炭作为我国重要的基础能源，在保障能源安全，推动社会经济发展方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。煤炭行业在为国家财政作出重要贡献的同时，其本身也承担着较重的税费负担。据不完全统计，当前煤炭行业涉税达30多种，另外地方财政部门还向煤炭企业征收转产基金、社会公益事业费、排污费、土地复垦费、环境治理保证金、矿山恢复治理保证金等十余项税费。 煤炭行业税费项目繁多，且因为行业特殊性，实际税负明显高于全国平均水平。业内一位煤炭专家在接受本报记者采访时透露，“煤炭采选业处于工业链上游，企业经营中的进项税较少，构成进项成本的采矿权价款、土地塌陷补偿费、征地搬迁费、贷款利息等又不能取得增值税专用发票，因此，煤炭行业实际增值税税负水平高出一般工业企业2个百分点左右。”近几年来，煤炭行业关于降税清费的呼声一直不减。煤炭行业呼吁，梳理煤炭税费体制，调整税费结构，取消或修订重复收费、不合理收费项目，降低税费缴纳标准，增加税费抵扣范围，减轻煤炭企业负担，增加企业利润。  煤炭行业 减税程度超出预期 降税，意味着减负增盈。2009年开始，煤炭行业的增值税税率经历了三次调整：2009年以前，煤炭增值税税率执行13%，2009年出台新条例，将包括煤炭在内的金属矿采选产品、非金属矿采选产品增值税税率由13%恢复到17%；2018年5月1日再次调整为16%；今年4月1日起开始第三次调整，由16%调至13%。从走势上看，增值税税率下调趋势明显，且步伐越来越大。 降税举措得到了煤炭行业的欢迎。4月2日，中国煤炭工业协会组织部分煤炭企业座谈会，与会煤炭企业纷纷为此轮减税举措点赞，称降税程度有点超出预期。煤炭专家预测，此次增值税税率下调后，煤炭企业享受到的是税费减少和效益增加。据永安期货研究中心日前所做的测算：若以煤企吨煤生产成本110元/吨左右为例，假设销售煤炭含税价格为350元/吨，调整前按16%的税率计算，煤企应缴销项税额为48.28元，可抵扣进项税额为零 （原材料成本可忽略不计），实际销售利润为191.72元；调整后按13%的税率计算，煤企应缴销项税额变为40.27元，销售利润则为199.73元，利润增长达4.2%。 虽然煤炭行业在抵扣进项税方面不尽如意，但是本次税改的政策***是降低增值税率，这对于能实现较高收益的煤炭行业是***为看重的，也是***能传导到下***业受益所在。 按照2018年煤炭行业及龙头企业中国神华公布的经营数据测算，2018年煤炭行业实现利润2888.2亿元；中国神华2018年实现净利润438.67亿元。若按照上文提到的4.2%的利润增长率计算，煤炭行业的利润增长或达到121.3亿元；中国神华的利润增长或达18.4亿元。 由此可见，增值税的降低，将为煤炭行业带来丰厚的红利，同时，也会给煤机业带来新的利润增长点。当然，具体能享受多少降税红利，后续还需观察产业上下游的议价能力等多方面的情况，另外在增值税下调效应下，又将有多少红利传导至中下游用煤企业，也值得拭目以待。 —  E N D  —

The foundry industry includes various standards. Involving many aspects such as casting process, casting materials, casting standards, performance testing, casting safety and so on. The cast materials include cast steel, cast iron, non-ferrous alloys, rare metals and other types. Today, I will take a look at all the standards in the foundry industry! It can be said that it is quite comprehensive! 1 Compilation of General Standards and Standards for Foundry 1.1 GBT 5611-1998 Foundry terms 1.1.1 Basic terms 1.1.2 Sand casting 1.1.3 Special casting 1.1.4 Modeling materials 1.1.5 Post-processing of castings 1.1.6 Quality of castings 1.1.7 Casting process design and process equipment 1.1.8 Casting alloys and melting, pouring 1.2 GBT 5678-1985 Sampling method for spectral analysis of casting alloys 1.3 GBT 60601-1997 Surface roughness comparison sample casting surface 1.4 GBT 6414-1999 casting size tolerance and machining allowance 1.5 GBT1 1351-1989 casting weight tolerance 1.6 GBT 15056-1994 Casting surface roughness evaluation method 1.7 JBT 2435-1978 Symbols and representation of casting process 1.8 JBT 40221-1999 alloy casting performance measurement method 1.9 JBT 40222-1999 alloy casting performance measurement method 1.10 JBT 5105-1991 casting pattern draft angle 1.11 JBT5106-1991 Basic dimensions of casting pattern core head 1.12 JBT 6983-1993 Casting material consumption process quota calculation method 1.13 JBT7528-1994 casting quality assessment method 1.14 JBT 7699-1995 Technical conditions for foundry wooden patterns and core boxes2Compilation of Standard Specification for Cast Iron2.1 GBT 1348-1998 Ductile iron castings 2.2 GBT 3180-1982 technical conditions of medium manganese anti-wear ductile iron castings 2.3 GBT 5612-1985 cast iron brand representation method 2.4 GBT 5614-1985 name, definition and code of heat treatment status of cast iron parts 2.5 GBT 6296-1986 impact test method of gray cast iron 2.6 GBT 7216-1987 gray cast iron metallography 2.7 GBT 8263-1999 anti-wear white cast iron 2.8 GBT 8491-1987 high silicon corrosion-resistant cast iron parts 2.9 GBT 9437-1988 heat-resistant cast iron parts 2.10 GBT 9439-1988 gray cast iron parts 2.11 GBT 9440-1988 malleable iron castings 2.12 GBT 9441-1988 nodular cast iron metallographic examination 2.13 GBT 17445-1998 Cast grinding ball 2.14 JBT 2122-1977 Metallographic Standard for Ferrite Malleable Cast Iron 2.15 JBT 3829-1999 vermicular graphite cast iron metallography 2.16 JBT 4403-1999 vermicular graphite iron casting 2.17 JBT 5000.4-1998 General technical conditions for heavy machinery 2.18 JBT 7945-1999 gray cast iron mechanical properties test method 2.19 JBT 9219-1999 Nodular cast iron ultrasonic sound velocity measurement method 2.20 JBT 9220.1-1999 General rules and general provisions for chemical analysis methods of acid slag in foundry iron furnaces 2.21 JBT 9220.2-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace Determination of silica content by perchloric acid dehydration gravimetric method 2.22 JBT 9220.3-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnaces Potassium dichromate volumetric method for determination of ferrous oxide content 2.23 JBT 9220.4-1999 Chemical analysis method for acid slag of foundry iron furnace Sodium arsenite-sodium nitrite volumetric method-manganese oxide content 2.24 JBT 9220.5-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace Sodium fluoride-EDTA volumetric method for the determination of aluminum oxide content 2.25 JBT 9220.6-1999 chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace DDTC separation EGTA volumetric method for determination of calcium oxide content 2.26 JBT 9220.7-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace Potassium permanganate volumetric method for the determination of calcium oxide 2.27 JBT 9220.8-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace DDTC separation EDTA volumetric method for determination of magnesium oxide 2.28 JBT 9220.9-1999 Chemical analysis method of acid slag in foundry iron furnace Phosphorus molybdenum yellow-methyl isobutyl ketone extraction photometric method for determination of phosphorus pentoxide content 2.29 JBT 9220.10-1999 Chemical analysis method for acid slag of cast iron furnaces Barium sulfate gravimetric method for determination of sulfur content 2.30 JBT9220.11-1999 Chemical analysis method for acid slag of foundry iron furnace Combustion-volume method for determination of sulfur content 2.31 JBT 9228-1999 Nodularizing agent for ductile iron 3Compilation of Standard Specification for Cast Steel3.1 GBT 2100-2002-general purpose corrosion-resistant steel castings 3.2 GBT 5613-1995 cast steel grade representation method 3.3 GBT 5615-1985 name, definition and code of heat treatment status of steel castings 3.4 GBT 5677-1985 steel castings radiograph and film classification method 3.5 GBT 5680-1998 high manganese steel castings 3.6 GBT 6967-1986 medium and high strength stainless steel castings for engineering structures 3.7 GBT 7233-1987 ultrasonic flaw detection and quality rating method for steel castings 3.8 GBT 7659-1987 carbon steel castings for welding structure 3.9 GBT 8492-2002—General purpose heat-resistant steel and alloy castings 3.10 GBT 8493-1987 Metallography of cast carbon steel for general engineering 3.11 GBT 9943-1988 Cast steel parts penetration flaw detection and defect display marks rating method 3.12 GBT 9444-1988 Magnetic particle inspection and quality rating method for steel castings 3.13 GBT 11352-1989 General engineering cast carbon steel parts 3.14 GBT 13925-1992 metallography of cast high manganese steel 3.15 GBT 14408-1993 low alloy steel castings for general engineering and structure 3.16 GBT 16253-1996 pressure steel castings 3.17 JBT 50006-1998 General technical conditions for heavy machinery 3.18 JBT 500014-1998 General technical conditions for heavy machinery non-destructive testing of cast steel parts 3.19 JBT 6402-1992 large low alloy steel castings 3.20 JBT 6403-1992 large heat-resistant steel casting 3.21 JBT 404-1992 large high-manganese steel castings 3.22 JBT 6405-1992 large stainless steel casting 3.23 IBT 7024-1993 300 ~ 600MW Steam Turbine Cylinder Cast Steel Technical Conditions 3.24 JBT 7349-2002 Francis turbine welding runner stainless steel blade casting 3.25 JBT 7350-2002 Axial-flow turbine stainless steel blade casting 3.26 JBT 1026-2001 Francis turbine welding runner upper crown and lower ring castings 4Compilation of Standard Specification for Cast Nonferrous Alloys4.1 GBT 1173-1995 cast aluminum alloy 4.2 GBT 1174-1992 cast bearing alloy 4.3 GBT 1175-1997 cast zinc alloy 4.4 GB 1176-1987 Technical conditions for casting copper alloy 4.5 GB 1177-1991 cast magnesium alloy 4.6 GBT 6614-1994 titanium and titanium alloy castings 4.7 GBT 8063-1994 casting 4.8 GBT 9438-1999 aluminum alloy castings 4.9 GB 11346-1989 aluminum alloy casting radiographic inspection pinhole (round) classification 4.10 GBT 15073-1994 Grade and chemical composition of cast titanium and titanium alloy 4.11 GBT 16746-1997 zinc alloy castings 4.12 GBT 8733-2000 cast aluminum alloy ingot 5Compilation of Standard Specification for Die Casting Alloy5.1 GBT 13818-1992 die-cast zinc alloy 5.2 GBT13821-1992 zinc alloy die casting 5.3 GBT 13822-1992 die-cast non-ferrous alloy samples 5.4 GBT 15114-1994 aluminum alloy die casting 5.5 GBT 15115-1994 die-casting aluminum alloy 5.6 GBT 15116-1994 die-casting copper alloy 5.7 GBT 15117-1994 copper alloy die casting 5.8 JB 3070-1982 technical conditions of die-casting magnesium alloy 6Compilation of Standard Specification for Investment Casting6.1 GB 12214-1990 Silica sand and powder for investment casting 6.2 GB 12215-1090 bauxite sand and powder for investment casting 6.3 GBT 14235.1-1993 Method for determination of melting point of investment casting materials (cooling curve method) 6.4 GBT 14235.2-1993 Method for determination of bending strength of investment casting mold materials 6.5 GBT 14235.3-1993 Determination of ash content of investment casting mold materials 6.6 GBT 14235.4-1993 method for measuring the linear shrinkage of investment casting mold material 6.7 GBT 14235.5-1993 Determination method of surface hardness of investment casting mold material 6.8 GBT 14235.6-1993 Method for determination of acid value of investment casting materials 6.9 GBT 14235.7-1993 method for determining the fluidity of investment casting mold materials 6.10 GBT 14235.8-1993 Method for measuring the viscosity of investment casting materials 6.11 GBT 14235.9-1993 Method for determining the thermal stability of investment casting mold materials 6.12 JBT 2980.1-1999 High temperature thermal deformation test method of investment casting mold shell 6.13 JBT 2980.2-1999 High temperature bending strength test method of investment casting mold shell 6.14 JBT 4007-1999 Test method for investment casting paint 6.15 JBT 4153-1999 shell high-temperature permeability test method 6.16 JBT 5100-91 Technical conditions for investment casting carbon steel parts 7Compilation of Standard Specification for Foundry Iron and Ferroalloys7.1 GBT 717-1998 pig iron for steel making 7.2 GBT 718-2005 Cast iron for casting 7.3 GBT 1412-2005 pig iron for ductile iron 7.4 GB 2272-1987 Ferrosilicon 7.5 GB 3282-1987 Ferrotitanium 7.6 GBT 3648-1996 Ferro-tungsten 7.7 GB 3649-1987 Ferromolybdenum 7.8 GBT 3650-1995 General provisions for acceptance, packaging, storage and transportation, marking and quality certificates 7.9 GBT 3795-2006 ferromanganese 7.10 GBT 4008-1996 manganese silicon alloy 7.11 GB 4009-1989 silicon chromium alloy 7.12 GBT 4010-1994 sampling and preparation of samples for chemical analysis of ferroalloys 7.13 GBT 4137-2004 rare earth ferrosilicon alloy 7.14 GBT 4138-2004 Rare earth magnesium ferrosilicon alloy 7.15 GBT 41390-2004 Ferrovanadium 7.16 GB 5683-1987 ferrochrome 7.17 GB 5684-1987 Vacuum method micro carbon ferrochrome 7.18 GB / T 7737-1997 ferro-niobium 7.19 GB 7738-1987 Ferroalloy product brand representation method 7.20 GB 8729-1988 Cast Coke 7.21 GBT 9971-2004 raw material pure iron 7.22 GBT 13247-1991 Sampling and testing method for particle size of ferroalloy products 7.23 GBT 1 4984-1994 Ferroalloy terminology 7.24 GBT 15710-1995 silicon barium alloy 7.25 YBT 092-1996 alloy cast iron ball 7.26 YBT 093-1996 low chromium alloy cast iron section 8Compilation of standard specifications for foundry molding materials8.1 GBT 2684-1981 Test method for raw sand and mixture used in foundry 8.2 GBT 7143-1986 chemical analysis method of silica sand for foundry 8.3 GBT9442-1998 Silica sand for foundry 8.4 GBT 12216-1990 Synthetic binder for casting 8.5 JBT 2755-1980 Binder sulphite wood pulp waste liquid binder 8.6 JBT 3828-1999 hot box resin for casting 8.7 JBT 5107-1991 Test method for paint for sand casting 8.8 JBT 6984-1993 casting chromite ore 8.9 JBT 6985-1993 forsterite sand for casting 9Compilation of standard specifications for performance test methods9.1 GBT 228-2002 Metal material room temperature tensile test method 9.2 GBT 229-1994 metal Charpy notched impact test method 9.3 GBT 230.1-2004 Metal Rockwell Hardness Test Part 1: Test Methods (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T scale) 9.4 GB / T 230.2-2002 Metal Rockwell hardness test. Part 2: Inspection and calibration of hardness testers (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T scale) 9.5 GBT 230.3-2002 Metal Rockwell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness blocks (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T scale) 9.6 GBT 231.1-2002 Metal Brinell hardness test Part 1 Test method 9.7 GBT 231.2-2002 Metal Brinell Hardness Test Part 2: Inspection and Calibration of Hardness Tester 9.8 GBT 231.3-2002 Metal Brinell hardness test. Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness blocks 9.9 GBT 232-1999 Metal material bending test method 9.10 GBT 1172-1999 ferrous metal hardness and strength conversion value 9.11 GBT 2039-997 Metal tensile creep and endurance test method 9.12 GBT 4337-1984 Metal rotating bending fatigue test method 9.13 GBT 4338-1995 high temperature tensile test of metal materials 9.14 GBT 7314-2005 Metal compression test method 9.15 GBT 12778-1991 metal Charpy impact fracture determination method 9.16 GBT 13239-1991 Metal low temperature tensile test method 9.17 GBT 13298-1991 Metal microstructure inspection method—  E N D  —

Not long ago, the United States suddenly imposed unilateral tariffs on China, which is very domineering! After the tariffs imposed on US $ 200 billion of Chinese exports to the United States on May 10 were raised from 10% to 25%, the United States has further threatened to initiate a 25% tax on the remaining US $ 325 billion of Chinese exports to the United States .01On May 13, China began to fight back. The State Council Customs Tariff Commission issued a notice saying that from 0:00 on June 1, 2019, the tariff rate of the US $ 60 billion list of US goods that have imposed additional tariffs will be increased by 25%, 20% or 10% additional tariffs. The Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council: 25% tariffs are imposed on the 2493 tax items listed in category 1; 20% tariffs are imposed on the 1078 tax items listed in category 2; 974 tax items are listed in category 3 , Implement an additional 10% tariff. For 595 tax items listed in 4 categories, a 5% tariff will still be imposed. ◎ Content source: Internet  02The list of goods subject to tariffs also involves some coal and coal machine equipment. Among them, there are two main items related to coal machinery: coal mining (cutting) machines and non-self-propelled tunneling machinery. These two types of coal machine equipment are subject to a 20% tariff increase, which has also become the two equipments affected by the coal industry.At the end of 2018, the Ministry of Finance, the Development and Reform Commission and other six departments jointly issued the "Notice on Adjusting the Relevant Catalogue of Import Tax Policies for Major Technical Equipment", which clearly stated that all specifications of coal shearers, scraper conveyors and scraper transfer machines should be eliminated Tax exemption policy. This shows that the overall domestic demand for large-scale coal equipment and other mining equipment is declining. At the same time, the technical level of domestic coal mining equipment is gradually improving, and it has gradually got rid of its dependence on coal mining machines and other R & D and production technologies. The rising price of imported coal machinery equipment will also increase the competitiveness of domestic coal machinery manufacturers.◎Content source: Internet  03It is understood that China's main coal source countries are: Australia, Indonesia, Mongolia, Russia, Canada and other countries. Among them, the coal that China imports from the United States is mainly coking coal, and the quantity is not large. US coal accounts for a small proportion of China's total coal imports. This increase in the tariff rates imposed on some imported products originating in the United States has little impact on the domestic coal market, and has little impact on the coal machine market.◎Content source: Internet  —  E N D  —Luoyang Yuanjian Mine Equipment Co., Ltd. 23 years coal machine equipment expert Phone: 0379-69581006 0379-69927723 Website: www.lyyuanjian.com Address: Delong Community Industrial Park, Zhu Village, Peng Po Town, Yichuan County, Luoyang City